BIOGRAPHY IGOR YEVGENYEVICH TAMM
MLA style: «Igor Y. Tamm – Biographical».
Born Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm8 July 1895, Vladivostok, Russian Empire
Died 12 April 1971 (aged 75) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality Soviet Union
Fields Particle Physics
Institutions Second Moscow State University
Moscow State University Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Lebedev Physical Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences
Alma mater Moscow State University Edinburgh University
Doctoral students Vitaly Ginzburg, Andrey Sakharov, Semen Shubin, Evgeny Feinberg,
Leonid Keldysh, Leonid Brekhovskikh, Anatoly Vlasov
Known for Tamm states, Neutron magnetic moment, Cherenkov–Vavilov effect, Frank–Tamm formula, Tamm–Dancoff approximation, Hydrogen bomb, Tokamak
Notable awards Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour (1954), Stalin Prize (1954), Nobel Prize in Physics (1958), Lomonosov Gold Medal (1967)
Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm was born in Vladivostok on July 8, 1895, as the son of Evgenij Tamm, an engineer, and Olga Davydova. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1918, specializing in physics, and immediately commenced an academic career in institutes of higher learning. He was progressively assistant, instructor, lecturer, and professor in charge of chairs, and he has taught in the Crimean and Moscow State Universities, in Polytechnical and Engineering-Physical Institutes, and in the J.M. Sverdlov Communist University. Tamm was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, and he has attained the academic rank of Professor. Since 1934, he has been in charge of the theoretical division of the P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences.
A decisive influence on his scientific activity was exercised by Prof. L. Mandelstam, under whose guidance he worked a number of years and with whom he was closely associated since 1920, when they met for the first time, and up to the death of Prof. Mandelstam in 1944.
Tamm is an outstanding theoretical physicist, and his early researches were devoted to crystallo-optics and the quantum theory of diffused light in solid bodies. He turned his attention to the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics and he evolved a method for interpreting the interaction of nuclear particles. Together with I.M. Frank, he developed the theoretical interpretation of the radiation of electrons moving through matter faster than the speed of light (the Cerenkov effect), and the theory of showers in cosmic rays. He has also contributed towards methods for the control of thermonuclear reactions. Resulting from his original researches, Tamm has written two important books, Relativistic Interaction of Elementary Particles (1935) and On the Magnetic Moment of the Neutron (1938).
I. Tamm was elected Corresponding Member of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in 1933, and in 1953 he became an Academician. He shared the 1946 State Prize with Vavilov, Cerenkov, and Frank, and is a Hero of Socialist Labour. He is also a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Swedish Physical Society.
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964.
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
REFERENCES:
1. MLA style: «Igor Y. Tamm – Biographical». Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 10 Oct 2015. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1958/tamm-bio.html.
Біографію І.Є.Тамма та інші матеріали подав М.І.Садовий, доктор педагогічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри теорії та методики технологічної підготовки, охорони праці та безпеки життєдіяльності, професор кафедри фізики та методики її викладання Кіровоградського державного педагогічного університету імені Володимира Винниченка.